For Editors

1. What editors should do if they accept to review this article?

For each manuscript, editors are required to invite at least two reviewers who have no conflicts of interest with the authors. After the reviewers complete their evaluations, the editor can make a decision based on their recommendations.

2. Journal’s review models -- Double-Anonymized Review

This journal employs a double-anonymized review process, meaning that authors’ identities are concealed from reviewers, and vice versa. The editorial office conducts an initial screening to ensure authors comply with this requirement, so editors do not need to spend time checking it. However, if an editor discovers that authors have revealed their names or affiliations in the “Manuscript Page Without Author Identifiers,” which violates this rule, they should immediately contact the editorial office and suspend the review process.

3. About Conflicts of Interest

Editors must recuse themselves from handling any manuscript where a conflict of interest exists, including but not limited to:

• Manuscripts authored by themselves, their family members, or close colleagues.
• Manuscripts involving products, services, or interests in which they have a financial or personal stake.

Such manuscripts will be reassigned to an independent editor with no conflicts, who will oversee the confidential review process and make the final editorial decision.

For manuscripts submitted by the Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editors, Guest Editors, or other editorial board members, editorial responsibility will similarly be delegated to a conflict-free editor to ensure impartiality. In the case of Special Issues, if conflicts arise between Guest Editors and authors, the handling will be transferred to editors free of such conflicts.